In electric vehicles, battery parameters are continuously monitored by the battery management system (BMS), which is an important component responsible for overseeing and controlling battery operation. Some key parameters commonly monitored by BMS include:
① State of charge (SOC): SOC indicates the remaining energy in the battery as a percentage of the total capacity. Monitoring SOC helps drivers estimate the remaining driving range and plan their trips accordingly.
② State of Health (SOH): SOH represents the overall health and performance capabilities of the battery. By monitoring SOH, BMS can assess battery degradation over time and predict its remaining life.
③ State of Function (SOF): SOF refers to the functional capability of the battery, including its ability to provide the required power output under different conditions. Monitoring SOF helps ensure that the battery can meet the vehicle's performance needs.
④ Temperature: Monitoring the temperature inside the battery pack helps prevent overheating and ensures the battery operates within the optimal temperature range for efficient performance and longevity.
⑤ Voltage and current: Monitoring voltage and current levels helps evaluate the charge and discharge status of the battery to ensure that it is operating within a safe range and not overcharging or over-discharging.
⑥ Battery balancing: Battery balancing is crucial to maintaining the consistent performance of each battery in the battery pack. The BMS monitors cell voltage and initiates a balancing process to equalize charge levels between cells.
⑦ Fault detection: BMS detects and reports any abnormalities, faults, or potential safety hazards, such as short circuits or battery degradation, to ensure the overall safety and reliability of the battery system.Electric vehicle (EV) batteries undergo rigorous testing throughout the manufacturing process to ensure performance, safety and durability. Various tests are carried out during the development phase and before the battery is integrated into the vehicle. Some common types of testing performed on electric vehicle batteries include:
① Performance testing: This involves evaluating the capacity, voltage and energy output of the battery under different conditions to ensure that it meets the specifications provided by the manufacturer.
② Environmental testing: Batteries are subjected to extreme temperatures, humidity and other environmental conditions to evaluate their performance and durability in various climate and operating conditions.
③ Safety test: Safety test checks the battery's response to overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit and physical damage to ensure that it does not cause fire or other dangers.
④ Cycle life test: This type of test evaluates the performance of the battery in multiple charge and discharge cycles, simulating actual use to determine its lifespan and degradation rate.
⑤ Abuse testing: Batteries are subjected to extreme abuse conditions, such as overcharging, rapid discharge, and physical shock, to evaluate their worst-case response and resilience.
⑥ Compatibility testing: This involves ensuring that the battery is compatible with the vehicle’s electrical system and integrates seamlessly without causing any malfunctions.
⑦ Regulatory Compliance Testing: Batteries are tested to meet various industry and government standards to ensure compliance with safety and performance regulations.
