Here's how reverse gear in an electric vehicle typically works:
① Motor reverse rotation:
Instead of requiring a separate physical reverse gear, electric cars can reverse the direction of the electric motor. Electric motors are designed to operate in forward and reverse directions by changing the direction of current flow.
② Controlled by vehicle electronics:
When the driver enters reverse mode by using the selector or pressing a button, the vehicle's electronic control unit (ECU) or onboard computer system sends a reverse signal to the electric motor.
③ Variable speed control:
Like forward movement, reverse direction can be controlled with shifting based on the pressure the driver applies to the accelerator pedal.
④ Security features:
Electric vehicles often include safety features such as sensors and cameras to assist the driver when reversing and avoid collisions with obstacles.
Since there is no conventional mechanical gearbox with a separate reverse gear, the electric drivetrain is simple and efficient. Reversing in an electric car tends to be smooth and seamless due to the electric motor's ability to change direction quickly.
The choice of the best motor for an electric vehicle depends on a variety of factors, including the specific requirements of the vehicle, performance goals and design considerations. There are two main types of electric motors used in electric vehicles (EVs):
① Brushless DC (BLDC) motor:
Advantage:
- high efficiency
- Compact and lightweight
- Low maintenance due to no brushes
- Long lasting
Notes: Usually manufacturing costs are higher. Requires complex motor controller.
Common usage: Commonly used in high-performance electric vehicles, electric bicycles, and some electric scooters.
② Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM):
Advantage:
- High efficiency and power density
- Excellent torque characteristics
- Can remain efficient over a wide speed range
Note: Typically more complex motor controllers. Mass production is cost-effective.
Common Usage: Widely used in many electric vehicles, including those of major manufacturers.
The choice between these motors is often influenced by factors such as cost, power requirements and the performance characteristics required for electric vehicles.
