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• 51.

  ¿Es necesario ecualizar las baterías de litio?

  Sí, las baterías de litio necesitan ecualización. 
• 52.

  Do electric cars have a gear lever?

  Many electric vehicles (EVs) do not have a traditional gear lever like internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Instead, they typically feature simplified drivetrains, utilizing either a single-speed gearbox or direct drive.
  Here are some common settings in electric vehicles:
  ① Single-speed transmission: Many electric vehicles use single-speed transmissions, which means they do not require shifting like multi-speed traditional vehicles. In these vehicles, a traditional gear lever is not required. Instead, the vehicle may have a selector for drive (forward), reverse, and sometimes neutral.
  ② Push Button or Dial Shifters: Some EVs replace the traditional gear lever with push-button selectors or rotary dials to control the vehicle's drive mode (forward, reverse, park). These systems are often more compact and intuitive than traditional gear levers.
  ③ No Shifter at All: In some EVs, especially those with a single-speed transmission, there may be no physical shifter at all. Instead, the vehicle may utilize controls on the dashboard or center console to select the desired driving mode.
  ④ Steering Column or Steering Wheel-Mounted Shifters: Some EVs, particularly those with more complex drivetrains or multiple driving modes, may feature shifters mounted on the steering column or integrated into the steering wheel itself. These shifters allow the driver to switch between drive modes without taking their hands off the wheel.
  
  Overall, the absence of a traditional gear lever is common in electric vehicles due to the simplicity of the drivetrain. However, the specific interface for selecting driving modes may vary between different EV models and manufacturers.
  
• 53.

  Do electric cars use transmission oil?

  Traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles use transmission fluid to lubricate and cool the moving parts within their transmissions. However, electric vehicles (EVs) typically do not use a traditional transmission with gears like ICE vehicles do. Instead, they use a single-speed transmission or direct drive system.
  
  Since EVs don't have the complex mechanical components found in traditional transmissions, they don't require transmission oil. Instead, electric motors in EVs typically use a different type of lubricant or coolant to ensure smooth operation and to dissipate heat generated during operation. These lubricants are typically specific to the electric motor design and are not interchangeable with traditional transmission fluids used in ICE vehicles.
  
  While EVs may have a gearbox to transfer power from the motor to the wheels, this gearbox is often much simpler and smaller than the transmission found in ICE vehicles, and it doesn't require regular maintenance or lubrication changes like a traditional transmission does. However, it's essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding maintenance and fluid changes for any lubricants or coolants used in the electric drivetrain components of an EV.
  
• 54.

  Is it bad to charge and discharge a battery at the same time?

  Simultaneously charging and discharging the battery, a process known as "simultaneous charging and discharging" or "regenerative braking" in electric vehicles (EVs), is not inherently harmful to the battery. In fact, this is a common practice in many applications, including electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and some energy storage systems. Here’s why:
  ① Regenerative braking: In electric vehicles, charging and discharging occur simultaneously during regenerative braking. When the driver applies the brakes, the electric motor acts as a generator, converting some of the kinetic energy back into electrical energy, which is then used to charge the battery. This process helps improve energy efficiency and extend the vehicle's driving range.
  ② Energy recovery: Simultaneous charging and discharging can recover the energy lost in the form of heat during braking. By capturing this energy and storing it in the battery, the overall efficiency of the vehicle is improved, helping to reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs.
  ③ Battery Management System: Modern battery management systems (BMS) are designed to efficiently handle simultaneous charging and discharging. They regulate the flow of energy into and out of the battery, ensuring that charging and discharging processes occur within safe operating limits. The BMS monitors factors such as temperature, voltage, and current to protect the battery from overcharging, overdischarging, or other adverse conditions.
  ④ Extended battery life: If implemented properly, regenerative braking can help extend the life of the battery by reducing the number of deep discharge cycles the battery undergoes. By capturing energy during braking and using it to charge the battery, the depth of discharge (DoD) experienced by the battery during normal driving can be reduced, which helps mitigate performance degradation and extend the overall life of the battery.
  However, it's worth noting that while charging and discharging simultaneously is generally good for battery performance and efficiency, improper implementation or overuse of regenerative braking can lead to increased stress on the battery and other components. Therefore, automakers must carefully design and optimize regenerative braking systems to ensure safe and reliable operation throughout the vehicle's life cycle.
  
• 55.

  Should you let EV battery discharge?

  For the longevity and health of your electric vehicle (EV) battery, it's generally recommended to avoid allowing it to be completely discharged or left at a very low state of charge for extended periods of time. Here are some reasons:
  ① Battery life: Lithium-ion batteries commonly used in electric vehicles degrade over time, especially when the state of charge is extremely high or low. Allowing a battery to be fully discharged or left at a very low state of charge will accelerate this degradation process, shortening the overall life of the battery.
  ② Battery balancing: Modern electric vehicle battery management systems (BMS) often include the function of balancing the charge of individual cells within the battery pack. These systems work best when the battery is maintained within a certain range of state of charge. Allowing the battery to fully discharge may disrupt this balance and may cause uneven battery wear, affecting battery performance and life.
  ③ Deep discharge damage: Deep discharge of lithium-ion batteries, especially when left in this state for a long time, may cause irreversible damage to the battery. This can lead to reduced capacity, degraded performance, and an increased risk of safety issues such as overheating or even thermal runaway.
  ④ BMS calibration: Some electric vehicles rely on the battery management system to accurately estimate the vehicle's state of charge and driving range. Allowing the battery to fully discharge may cause the BMS to lose calibration, resulting in inaccurate range estimates and potentially causing inconvenience or range anxiety to the driver.
  That said, modern electric vehicles are equipped with a BMS that helps prevent the battery from over-discharging by implementing protective measures that prevent the battery from reaching dangerously low levels. Additionally, some EV manufacturers offer guidance or features to help optimize battery health, such as setting charging limits or scheduling preconditioning to ensure the battery remains within a healthy state-of-charge range.
  In conclusion, while it is generally recommended to avoid allowing EV batteries to be fully discharged or left at a very low state of charge, modern battery management systems and user guidance features can help mitigate potential problems associated with improper battery management.